IP, Internet Protocol

Protocol suite:	TCP/IP.
Type:	Network layer protocol, connectionless.
Ethertype:	0x0800
SNMP MIBs:	iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.ip (1.3.6.1.2.1.4) iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.ipMIB (1.3.6.1.2.1.48)
Working groups:	diffserv, Differentiated Services. ip1394, IP Over IEEE 1394.
Links:	IP option numbers. IP protocol numbers. Differentiated Services Field Codepoints.

MAC header

IP header

Data :::

IP header:

00	04	08	16	19
Version	IHL	TOS	Total length
Identification			Flags	Fragment offset
TTL		Protocol	Header checksum
Source IP address
Destination IP address
Options and padding :::

Version. 4 bits.
Specifies the format of the IP packet header.

Version	Description
0	Reserved.
1 2 3
4	IP, Internet Protocol.
5	ST, ST Datagram Mode.
6	SIP, Simple Internet Protocol. SIPP, Simple Internet Protocol Plus. IPv6, Internet Protocol.
7	TP/IX, The Next Internet.
8	PIP, The P Internet Protocol.
9	TUBA
10 - 14
15	Reserved.

IHL, Internet Header Length. 4 bits.
Specifies the length of the IP packet header in 32 bit words. The minimum value for a valid header is 5.

TOS, Type of Service. 8 bits.
Specifies the parameters for the type of service requested. The parameters may be utilized by networks to define the handling of the datagram during transport. The M bit was added to this field in RFC 1349.

00	01	02	03	04	05	06	07
Precedence			D	T	R	M	0

Precedence. 3 bits.

Value Description

0 Routine.

1 Priority.

2 Immediate.

3 Flash.

4 Flash override.

5 CRITIC/ECP.

6 Internetwork control.

7 Network control.

Value	Description
0	Routine.
1	Priority.
2	Immediate.
3	Flash.
4	Flash override.
5	CRITIC/ECP.
6	Internetwork control.
7	Network control.

D. 1 bit.
Minimize delay.

Value Description

0 Normal delay.

1 Low delay.

Value	Description
0	Normal delay.
1	Low delay.

T. 1 bit.
Maximize throughput.

Value Description

0 Normal throughput.

1 High throughput.

Value	Description
0	Normal throughput.
1	High throughput.

R. 1 bit.
Maximize reliability.

Value Description

0 Normal reliability.

1 High reliability.

Value	Description
0	Normal reliability.
1	High reliability.

M. 1 bit.
Minimize monetary cost.

Value Description

0 Normal monetary cost.

1 Minimize monetary cost.

Value	Description
0	Normal monetary cost.
1	Minimize monetary cost.

Total length. 16 bits.
Contains the length of the datagram.

Identification. 16 bits.
Used to identify the fragments of one datagram from those of another. The originating protocol module of an internet datagram sets the identification field to a value that must be unique for that source-destination pair and protocol for the time the datagram will be active in the internet system. The originating protocol module of a complete datagram sets the MF bit to zero and the Fragment Offset field to zero.

Flags. 3 bits.

00	01	02
R	DF	MF

R, Reserved. 1 bit.
Should be set to 0.

DF, Don't fragment. 1 bit.
Controls the fragmentation of the datagram.

Value Description

0 Fragment if necessary.

1 Do not fragment.

MF, More fragments. 1 bit.
Indicates if the datagram contains additional fragments.

Value Description

0 This is the last fragment.

1 More fragments follow this fragment.

Value	Description
0	Fragment if necessary.
1	Do not fragment.

Value	Description
0	This is the last fragment.
1	More fragments follow this fragment.

Fragment Offset. 13 bits.
Used to direct the reassembly of a fragmented datagram.

TTL, Time to Live. 8 bits.
A timer field used to track the lifetime of the datagram. When the TTL field is decremented down to zero, the datagram is discarded.

Protocol. 8 bits.
This field specifies the next encapsulated protocol.

Value	Protocol
0	IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Option.
1	ICMP, Internet Control Message Protocol.
2	IGAP, IGMP for user Authentication Protocol. IGMP, Internet Group Management Protocol. RGMP, Router-port Group Management Protocol.
3	GGP, Gateway to Gateway Protocol.
4	IP in IP encapsulation.
5	ST, Internet Stream Protocol.
6	TCP, Transmission Control Protocol.
7	UCL, CBT.
8	EGP, Exterior Gateway Protocol.
9	IGRP.
10	BBN RCC Monitoring.
11	NVP, Network Voice Protocol.
12	PUP.
13	ARGUS.
14	EMCON, Emission Control Protocol.
15	XNET, Cross Net Debugger.
16	Chaos.
17	UDP, User Datagram Protocol.
18	TMux, Transport Multiplexing Protocol.
19	DCN Measurement Subsystems.
20	HMP, Host Monitoring Protocol.
21	Packet Radio Measurement.
22	XEROX NS IDP.
23	Trunk-1.
24	Trunk-2.
25	Leaf-1.
26	Leaf-2.
27	RDP, Reliable Data Protocol.
28	IRTP, Internet Reliable Transaction Protocol.
29	ISO Transport Protocol Class 4.
30	NETBLT, Network Block Transfer.
31	MFE Network Services Protocol.
32	MERIT Internodal Protocol.
33	Sequential Exchange Protocol.
34	Third Party Connect Protocol.
35	IDPR, Inter-Domain Policy Routing Protocol.
36	XTP, Xpress Transfer Protocol.
37	Datagram Delivery Protocol.
38	IDPR, Control Message Transport Protocol.
39	TP++ Transport Protocol.
40	IL Transport Protocol.
41	IPv6 over IPv4.
42	SDRP, Source Demand Routing Protocol.
43	IPv6 Routing header.
44	IPv6 Fragment header.
45	IDRP, Inter-Domain Routing Protocol.
46	RSVP, Reservation Protocol.
47	GRE, General Routing Encapsulation.
48	MHRP, Mobile Host Routing Protocol.
49	BNA.
50	ESP, Encapsulating Security Payload.
51	AH, Authentication Header.
52	Integrated Net Layer Security TUBA.
53	IP with Encryption.
54	NARP, NBMA Address Resolution Protocol.
55	Minimal Encapsulation Protocol.
56	TLSP, Transport Layer Security Protocol using Kryptonet key management.
57	SKIP.
58	ICMPv6, Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6. MLD, Multicast Listener Discovery.
59	IPv6 No Next Header.
60	Destination Options for IPv6.
61	Any host internal protocol.
62	CFTP.
63	Any local network.
64	SATNET and Backroom EXPAK.
65	Kryptolan.
66	MIT Remote Virtual Disk Protocol.
67	Internet Pluribus Packet Core.
68	Any distributed file system.
69	SATNET Monitoring.
70	VISA Protocol.
71	Internet Packet Core Utility.
72	Computer Protocol Network Executive.
73	Computer Protocol Heart Beat.
74	Wang Span Network.
75	Packet Video Protocol.
76	Backroom SATNET Monitoring.
77	SUN ND PROTOCOL-Temporary.
78	WIDEBAND Monitoring.
79	WIDEBAND EXPAK.
80	ISO-IP.
81	VMTP, Versatile Message Transaction Protocol.
82	SECURE-VMTP
83	VINES.
84	TTP.
85	NSFNET-IGP.
86	Dissimilar Gateway Protocol.
87	TCF.
88	EIGRP.
89	OSPF, Open Shortest Path First Routing Protocol. MOSPF, Multicast Open Shortest Path First.
90	Sprite RPC Protocol.
91	Locus Address Resolution Protocol.
92	MTP, Multicast Transport Protocol.
93	AX.25.
94	IP-within-IP Encapsulation Protocol.
95	Mobile Internetworking Control Protocol.
96	Semaphore Communications Sec. Pro.
97	EtherIP.
98	Encapsulation Header.
99	Any private encryption scheme.
100	GMTP.
101	IFMP, Ipsilon Flow Management Protocol.
102	PNNI over IP.
103	PIM, Protocol Independent Multicast.
104	ARIS.
105	SCPS.
106	QNX.
107	Active Networks.
108	IPPCP, IP Payload Compression Protocol.
109	SNP, Sitara Networks Protocol.
110	Compaq Peer Protocol.
111	IPX in IP.
112	VRRP, Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol.
113	PGM, Pragmatic General Multicast.
114	any 0-hop protocol.
115	L2TP, Level 2 Tunneling Protocol.
116	DDX, D-II Data Exchange.
117	IATP, Interactive Agent Transfer Protocol.
118	ST, Schedule Transfer.
119	SRP, SpectraLink Radio Protocol.
120	UTI.
121	SMP, Simple Message Protocol.
122	SM.
123	PTP, Performance Transparency Protocol.
124	ISIS over IPv4.
125	FIRE.
126	CRTP, Combat Radio Transport Protocol.
127	CRUDP, Combat Radio User Datagram.
128	SSCOPMCE.
129	IPLT.
130	SPS, Secure Packet Shield.
131	PIPE, Private IP Encapsulation within IP.
132	SCTP, Stream Control Transmission Protocol.
133	Fibre Channel.
134	RSVP-E2E-IGNORE.
135 - 254
255	Reserved.

Header checksum. 16 bits.
A 16 bit one's complement checksum of the IP header and IP options.

Source IP address. 32 bits.
IP address of the sender.

Destination IP address. 32 bits.
IP address of the intended receiver.

Options. Variable length.

00	01	02	03	04	05	06	07
C	Class		Option

C, Copy flag. 1 bit.
Indicates if the option is to be copied into all fragments.

Value Description

0 Do not copy.

1 Copy.

Value	Description
0	Do not copy.
1	Copy.

Class. 2 bits.

Value Description

0 Control.

1 Reserved.

2 Debugging and measurement.

3 Reserved.

Option. 5 bits.

Value	Description
0	Control.
1	Reserved.
2	Debugging and measurement.
3	Reserved.

Option Copy Class Value Length Description References

0 0 0 0
1
End of options list.

1 0 0 1
1
NOP.

2 1 0 130
11
Security.

3 1 0 131
variable
Loose Source Route.

4 0 2 68 variable Time stamp. RFC 781, RFC 791

5 1 0 133
3 .. 31
Extended Security. RFC 1108

6 1 0 134 Commercial Security.

7 0 0 7 variable Record Route. RFC 791

8 1 0 136
4
Stream Identifier. RFC 791, RFC 1122

9 1 0 137 variable Strict Source Route. RFC 791

10 0 0 10 Experimental Measurement.

11 0 0 11 4 MTU Probe. RFC 1063

12 0 0 12 4 MTU Reply. RFC 1063

13 1 2 205 Experimental Flow Control.

14 1 0 142 Expermental Access Control.

15 0 0 15

16 1 0 144 IMI Traffic Descriptor.

17 1 0 145 Extended Internet Proto

18 0 2 82 12 Traceroute. RFC 1393

19 1 0 147 10 Address Extension. RFC 1475

20 1 0 148
4
Router Alert. RFC 2113

21 1 0 149
6 .. 38
Selective Directed Broadcast Mode. RFC 1770

22 1 0 150 NSAP Addresses.

23 1 0 151 Dynamic Packet State.

24 1 0 152 Upstream Multicast Packet.

25
-
31

Option	Copy	Class	Value	Length	Description	References
0	0	0	0	1	End of options list.
1	0	0	1	1	NOP.
2	1	0	130	11	Security.
3	1	0	131	variable	Loose Source Route.
4	0	2	68	variable	Time stamp.	RFC 781, RFC 791
5	1	0	133	3 .. 31	Extended Security.	RFC 1108
6	1	0	134		Commercial Security.
7	0	0	7	variable	Record Route.	RFC 791
8	1	0	136	4	Stream Identifier.	RFC 791, RFC 1122
9	1	0	137	variable	Strict Source Route.	RFC 791
10	0	0	10		Experimental Measurement.
11	0	0	11	4	MTU Probe.	RFC 1063
12	0	0	12	4	MTU Reply.	RFC 1063
13	1	2	205		Experimental Flow Control.
14	1	0	142		Expermental Access Control.
15	0	0	15
16	1	0	144		IMI Traffic Descriptor.
17	1	0	145		Extended Internet Proto
18	0	2	82	12	Traceroute.	RFC 1393
19	1	0	147	10	Address Extension.	RFC 1475
20	1	0	148	4	Router Alert.	RFC 2113
21	1	0	149	6 .. 38	Selective Directed Broadcast Mode.	RFC 1770
22	1	0	150		NSAP Addresses.
23	1	0	151		Dynamic Packet State.
24	1	0	152		Upstream Multicast Packet.
25 - 31

Padding. Variable length.
Used as a filler to guarantee that the data starts on a 32 bit boundary.

Glossary:

Back-to-back.
(RFC 1242: 3.1). Fixed length frames presented at a rate such that there is the minimum legal separation for a given medium between frames over a short to medium period of time, starting from an idle state.

Bridge/router.
(RFC 1242: 3.3). A network device that can selectively function as a router and/or a bridge based on the protocol of a specific frame.

Constant Load.
(RFC 1242: 3.4). Fixed length frames at a fixed interval time.

Data link frame size.
(RFC 1242: 3.5). The number of octets in the frame from the first octet following the preamble to the end of the FCS, if present, or to the last octet of the data if there is no FCS.

Forward Tunnel.
(RFC 2344: 1.1). A tunnel that shuttles packets towards the mobile node. It starts at the home agent, and ends at the mobile node's care-of address.

Frame Loss Rate.
(RFC 1242: 3.6). Percentage of frames that should have been forwarded by a network device under steady state (constant) load that were not forwarded due to lack of resources.

Inter Frame Gap.
(RFC 1242: 3.7). The delay from the end of a data link frame as defined in section 3.5, to the start of the preamble of the next data link frame.

Internet Address.
A 32 bit value that contains the network and host number fields. There are five classes of internet addresses: The class indicates the size of the network and host fields. Internet addresses are commonly displayed in dotted decimal notation format XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX.

Class	00	01	02	03	04	05	08	16	24
A	0	Network bits					Host bits
B	1	0	Network bits					Host bits
C	1	1	0	Network bits					Host bits
D	1	1	1	0	Multicast group
E	1	1	1	1	0	Reserved

Internet address block allocation.

Block	Description
0.0.0.0/8	Addresses in this block refer to source hosts on "this" network. Address 0.0.0.0/32 may be used as a source address for this host on this network; other addresses within 0.0.0.0/8 may be used to refer to specified hosts on this network.
10.0.0.0/8	Private use networks. Addresses within this block should not appear on the public Internet.
14.0.0.0/8	Public Data Networks.
24.0.0.0/8	Cable television networks provisioning.
39.0.0.0/8	This block was used in the "Class A Subnet Experiment" that commenced in May 1995.. The experiment has been completed and this block has been returned to the pool of addresses reserved for future allocation or assignment. This block therefore no longer has a special use and is subject to allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner.
127.0.0.0/8	Loopback. A datagram sent by a higher level protocol to an address anywhere within this block should loop back inside the host. This is ordinarily implemented using only 127.0.0.1/32 for loopback, but no addresses within this block should ever appear on any network anywhere.
128.0.0.0/16	This block, corresponding to the numerically lowest of the former Class B addresses, was initially and is still reserved by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses in this block are subject to future allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner.
169.254.0.0/16	Link Local. It is allocated for communication between hosts on a single link. Hosts obtain these addresses by autoconfiguration, such as when a DHCP server may not be found.
172.16.0.0/12	Private use networks. Addresses within this block should not appear on the public Internet.
191.255.0.0/16	This block, corresponding to the numerically highest to the former Class B addresses, was initially and is still reserved by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses in this block are subject to future allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner.
192.0.0.0/24	This block, corresponding to the numerically lowest of the former Class C addresses, was initially and is still reserved by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses in this block are subject to future allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner.
192.0.2.0/24	Test-Net. It is often used in conjunction with domain names example.com or example.net in vendor and protocol documentation. Addresses within this block should not appear on the public Internet.
192.88.99.0/24	6to4 relay anycast.
192.168.0.0/16	Private use networks. Addresses within this block should not appear on the public Internet.
198.18.0.0/15	Network interconnect device benchmark testing.
223.255.255.0/24	This block, corresponding to the numerically highest of the former Class C addresses, was initially and is still reserved by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses in this block are subject to future allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner.
224.0.0.0/4	Multicast. Formerly known as the Class D address space, it is allocated for use in IPv4 multicast address assignments.
240.0.0.0/4	This block, formerly known as the Class E address space, is reserved. The "limited broadcast" destination address 255.255.255.255 should never be forwarded outside the (sub-)net of the source. The remainder of this space is reserved for future use.

Internet datagram.
The data header and message that are transmitted between internet hosts.

Internet fragment.
A part of the data message with intact header fields.

Latency.
(RFC 1242: 3.8). For store and forward devices: The time interval starting when the last bit of the input frame reaches the input port and ending when the first bit of the output frame is seen on the output port. For bit forwarding devices: The time interval starting when the end of the first bit of the input frame reaches the input port and ending when the start of the first bit of the output frame is seen on the output port.

Link Speed Mismatch.
(RFC 1242: 3.9). Speed mismatch between input and output data rates.

Multihomed.
A node with multiple IP addresses.

MTU-mismatch behavior.
(RFC 1242: 3.10). The network MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) of the output network is smaller than the MTU of the input network, this results in fragmentation.

Overhead behavior.
(RFC 1242: 3.11). Processing done other than that for normal data frames.

Overloaded behavior.
(RFC 1242: 3.12). When demand exceeds available system resources.

Policy based filtering.
(RFC 1242: 3.13). Filtering is the process of discarding received frames by administrative decision where normal operation would be to forward them.

Restart behavior.
(RFC 1242: 3.14). Reinitialization of system causing data loss.

Reverse Tunnel.
(RFC 2344: 1.1). A tunnel that starts at the mobile node's care-of address and terminates at the home agent.

Route.

Routing.
An algorithm for moving frames between connected networks.

Single frame behavior.
(RFC 1242: 3.16). One frame received on the input to a device.

Subnet.

Throughput.
(RFC 1242: 3.17). The maximum rate at which none of the offered frames are dropped by the device.

RFCs:

[IEN 92] Protocol Options.

[IEN 95] Source Routing.

[IEN 114] PROTOCOL OPTIONS.

[IEN 123] DOD STANDARD INTERNET PROTOCOL.

Obsoletes: IEN 26, IEN 28, IEN 41, IEN 44, IEN 54, IEN 80, IEN 111.

[IEN 186] PROPOSED DCEC IP SPECIFICATION.

[IEN 212] IP - Local Area Network Addressing Issues.

[RFC 781] A SPECIFICATION OF THE INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) TIMESTAMP OPTION.

[RFC 791] Internet Protocol.

Obsoletes: RFC 760.

[RFC 795] SERVICE MAPPINGS.

[RFC 796] ADDRESS MAPPINGS.

Obsoletes: IEN 115.

[RFC 815] IP DATAGRAM REASSEMBLY ALGORITHMS.

[RFC 894] A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.

[RFC 895] A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Experimental Ethernet Networks.

[RFC 917] INTERNET SUBNETS.

[RFC 919] BROADCASTING INTERNET DATAGRAMS.

[RFC 922] BROADCASTING INTERNET DATAGRAMS IN THE PRESENCE OF SUBNETS.

[RFC 932] A SUBNETWORK ADDRESSING SCHEME.

[RFC 936] Another Internet Subnet Addressing Scheme.

[RFC 940] Toward an Internet Standard Scheme for Subnetting.

[RFC 950] IP Subnet Extension.

[RFC 963] SOME PROBLEMS WITH THE SPECIFICATION OF THE MILITARY STANDARD INTERNET PROTOCOL.

[RFC 1042] A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over IEEE 802 Networks.

Obsoletes: RFC 948.

[RFC 1044] Internet Protocol on Network Systems HYPERchannel Protocol Specification.

[RFC 1046] A Queuing Algorithm to Provide Type-of-Service for IP Links.

[RFC 1055] A NONSTANDARD FOR TRANSMISSION OF IP DATAGRAMS OVER SERIAL LINES: SLIP.

[RFC 1070] Use of the Internet as a Subnetwork for Experimentation with the OSI Network Layer.

[RFC 1088] A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over NetBIOS Networks.

[RFC 1108] U.S. Department of Defense Security Options for the Internet Protocol.

Defines IP options 2 and 5.
Obsoletes: RFC 1038.

[RFC 1112] Host Extensions for IP Multicasting.

Obsoletes: RFC 988, RFC 1054.

[RFC 1122] Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Communication Layers.

[RFC 1132] A Standard for the Transmission of 802.2 Packets over IPX Networks.

[RFC 1141] Incremental Updating of the Internet Checksum.

Obsoletes: RFC 1071.

[RFC 1156] Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets.

Obsoletes: RFC 1066.

[RFC 1180] A TCP/IP Tutorial.

[RFC 1188] A Proposed Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over FDDI Networks.

Obsoletes: RFC 1103.

[RFC 1191] Path MTU Discovery.

Obsoletes: RFC 1063.

[RFC 1201] Transmitting IP Traffic over ARCNET Networks.

Obsoletes: RFC 1051.

[RFC 1209] The Transmission of IP Datagrams over the SMDS Service.

[RFC 1213] Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-II.

Obsoletes: RFC 1158.

[RFC 1219] On the Assignment of Subnet Numbers.

[RFC 1226] Internet Protocol Encapsulation of AX.25 Frames.

[RFC 1234] Tunneling IPX Traffic through IP Networks.

[RFC 1236] IP to X.121 Address Mapping for DDN.

[RFC 1242] Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnection Devices.

[RFC 1356] Multiprotocol Interconnect on X.25 and ISDN in the Packet Mode.

Obsoletes: RFC 877.

[RFC 1365] An IP Address Extension Proposal.

[RFC 1375] Suggestion for New Classes of IP Addresses.

[RFC 1390] Transmission of IP and ARP over FDDI Networks.

[RFC 1393] Traceroute Using an IP Option.

[RFC 1454] Comparison of Proposals for Next Version of IP.

[RFC 1466] Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.

Obsoletes: RFC 1366.

[RFC 1469] IP Multicast over Token-Ring Local Area Networks.

[RFC 1475] TP/IX: The Next Internet.

[RFC 1577] Classical IP and ARP over ATM.

[RFC 1608] Representing IP Information in the X.500 Directory.

[RFC 1620] Internet Architecture Extensions for Shared Media.

[RFC 1624] Computation of the Internet Checksum via Incremental Update.

Updates: RFC 1141.

[RFC 1626] Default IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5.

[RFC 1716] Towards Requirements for IP Routers.

[RFC 1744] Observations on the Management of the Internet Address Space.

[RFC 1755] ATM Signaling Support for IP over ATM.

[RFC 1770] IPv4 Option for Sender Directed Multi-Destination Delivery.

[RFC 1797] Class A Subnet Experiment.

[RFC 1812] Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers.

Obsoletes: RFC 1009, RFC 1716.

[RFC 1814] Unique Addresses are Good.

[RFC 1821] Integration of Real-time Services in an IP-ATM Network Architecture.

[RFC 1826] IP Authentication Header.

[RFC 1827] IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP).

[RFC 1858] Security Considerations for IP Fragment Filtering.

[RFC 1878] Variable Length Subnet Table For IPv4.

Obsoletes: RFC 1860.

[RFC 1917] An Appeal to the Internet Community to Return Unused IP Networks (Prefixes) to the IANA.

[RFC 1918] Address Allocation for Private Internets.

Obsoletes: RFC 1597.

[RFC 1932] IP over ATM: A Framework Document.

[RFC 1944] Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices.

[RFC 1953] Ipsilon Flow Management Protocol Specification for IPv4 Version 1.0.

[RFC 1954] Transmission of Flow Labelled IPv4 on ATM Data Links Ipsilon Version 1.0.

[RFC 2002] IP Mobility Support.

[RFC 2003] IP Encapsulation within IP.

[RFC 2004] Minimal Encapsulation within IP.

[RFC 2005] Applicability Statement for IP Mobility Support.

[RFC 2006] The Definitions of Managed Objects for IP Mobility Support using SMIv2.

[RFC 2011] SNMPv2 Management Information Base for the Internet Protocol using SMIv2.

Updates: RFC 1213.

[RFC 2022] Support for Multicast over UNI 3.0/3.1 based ATM Networks.

[RFC 2067] IP over HIPPI.

Obsoletes: RFC 1374.

[RFC 2085] HMAC-MD5 IP Authentication with Replay Prevention.

[RFC 2096] IP Forwarding Table MIB.

Obsoletes: RFC 1354.

[RFC 2101] IPv4 Address Behaviour Today.

[RFC 2113] IP Router Alert Option.

Defines IP option 20 (Router Alert).

[RFC 2143] Encapsulating IP with the Small Computer System Interface.

[RFC 2176] IPv4 over MAPOS Version 1.

Describes how IP is encapsulated in MAPOS.

[RFC 2225] Classical IP and ARP over ATM.

Obsoletes: RFC 1577, RFC 1626.

[RFC 2226] IP Broadcast over ATM Networks.

[RFC 2285] Benchmarking Terminology for LAN Switching Devices.

[RFC 2336] Classical IP and ARP over ATM to NHRP Transition.

[RFC 2344] Reverse Tunneling for Mobile IP.

[RFC 2365] Administratively Scoped IP Multicast.

[RFC 2401] Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol.

Obsoletes: RFC 1825.

[RFC 2432] Terminology for IP Multicast Benchmarking.

[RFC 2474] Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers.

Obsoletes: RFC 1349, RFC 1455.

[RFC 2475] An Architecture for Differentiated Services.

[RFC 2507] IP Header Compression.

[RFC 2508] Compressing IP/UDP/RTP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links.

[RFC 2509] IP Header Compression over PPP.

[RFC 2625] IP and ARP over Fibre Channel.

[RFC 2697] A Single Rate Three Color Marker.

[RFC 2698] A Two Rate Three Color Marker.

[RFC 2728] The Transmission of IP Over the Vertical Blanking Interval of a Television Signal.

[RFC 2734] IPv4 over IEEE 1394.

[RFC 2757] Long Thin Networks.

[RFC 2765] Stateless IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm (SIIT).

[RFC 2766] Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT).

[RFC 2767] Dual Stack Hosts using the "Bump-In-the-Stack" Technique (BIS).

[RFC 2780] IANA Allocation Guidelines For Values In the Internet Protocol and Related Headers.

[RFC 2834] ARP and IP Broadcast over HIPPI-800.

Obsoletes: RFC 1374.

[RFC 2835] IP and ARP over HIPPI-6400 (GSN).

[RFC 2893] Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers.

Obsoletes: RFC 1933.

[RFC 2932] IPv4 Multicast Routing MIB.

[RFC 3021] Using 31-Bit Prefixes on IPv4 Point-to-Point Links.

[RFC 3095] RObust Header Compression (ROHC): Framework and four profiles: RTP, UDP, ESP, and uncompressed.

[RFC 3128] Protection Against a Variant of the Tiny Fragment Attack.

Updates: RFC 1858.

[RFC 3142] An IPv6-to-IPv4 Transport Relay Translator.

[RFC 3168] The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP.

Obsoletes: RFC 2481.
Updates: RFC 793, RFC 2401, RFC 2474.

[RFC 3330] Special-Use IPv4 Addresses.

[RFC 3393] IP Packet Delay Variation Metric for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM).

Publications:

[ISBN 0201633469] TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 : The Protocols.

[ISBN 020166354X] TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2 : The Implementation.

Obsolete RFCs:

[IEN 111] INTERNET PROTOCOL.

Obsoleted by: IEN 123.

[IEN 115] ADDRESS MAPPINGS.

Obsoleted by: RFC 796.

[RFC 760] DOD STANDARD INTERNET PROTOCOL.

Obsoleted by: RFC 791.
Obsoletes: IEN 26, IEN 28, IEN 41, IEN 44, IEN 54, IEN 80, IEN 111, IEN 123.

[RFC 877] A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams Over Public Data Networks.

[RFC 948] TWO METHODS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF IP DATAGRAMS OVER IEEE 802.3 NETWORKS.

[RFC 988] Host Extensions for IP Multicasting.

[RFC 1038] Draft Revised IP Security Option.

[RFC 1051] A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams and ARP Packets over ARCNET Networks.

[RFC 1054] Host Extensions for IP Multicasting.

Obsoletes: RFC 988.

[RFC 1063] IP MTU Discovery Options.

[RFC 1066] Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets.

[RFC 1071] Computing the Internet Checksum.

[RFC 1103] A Proposed Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over FDDI Networks.

[RFC 1349] Type of Service in the Internet Protocol Suite.

Updates: RFC 791, RFC 1060, RFC 1122, RFC 1123, RFC 1195, RFC 1247, RFC 1248.

[RFC 1354] IP Forwarding Table MIB.

[RFC 1366] Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.

[RFC 1374] IP and ARP on HIPPI.

[RFC 1455] Physical Link Security Type of Service.

[RFC 1597] Address Allocation for Private Internets.

[RFC 1860] Variable Length Subnet Table For IPv4.

[RFC 1933] Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers.

[RFC 2481] A Proposal to add Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP.